mantle cell cancer | Mantle cell lymphoma

Mantle cell lymphoma

Mantle cell lymphoma (LCM) is a type of B lymphoma. It develops in the outer edge of a lymph node called mantle area. It represents about 6% of all non-Hodgkin lymphomas. The LCM more often affects men than women, usually adults over 50 years of age.

The LCM is a unique type of lymphoma. The LCM cells often resemble those of slow-moving (indolent) lymphoma when observed under a microscope, but it acts as an aggressive lymphoma and tends to develop rapidly.

The LCM is usually advanced stage (stage III or IV) during the initial diagnosis. Lymphoma has often spread to the lymph nodes, bone marrow, spleen and blood. The LCM is sometimes observed along the gastrointestinal tract, either in the colon and the stomach. When we detect it there, we can talk about Lymphomateuse polypose.

In almost all cases of LCM, the cells produce a large amount of a protein called cyclin D1. This protein promotes cell growth and allows cancer cells to multiply and propagate. Excessive production of cyclin D1 is usually caused by translocation of chromosomes 11 and 14 [T (11; 14)]. (a translocation occurs when segments of a chromosome detach and bind to a different chromosome.) A large amount of the cyclin D1 protein can play a role in the aggressive evolution of the LCM.

The LCM may appear in a few different forms in a lymph node. The type of the mantle area evolves more slowly, or less aggressively, than the immature blood blastiqueblastiqueCellule type. (Blastoïde variant), which evolves rapidly.

The LCM often reappears after treatment. Its long-term prognosis is bleak and survival Médianesurvie médianePériode time (usually calculated in months or years) following diagnosis or treatment at the end of which half of the people with a given disease will still live and The other half will have lived less long. is 3 to 4 years old.

Treatment
Mantle cell lymphoma is usually treated as diffuse large-cell lymphoma. Although this type of lymphoma may be difficult to treat, most people who are infected with it receive some form of treatment.

Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy is commonly used to treat CML. Associations of chemotherapeutic agents are often administered since CML is usually advanced and the disease has spread. The following chemotherapeutic associations may be used:

CHOP – Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan, Procytox), doxorubicin (Adriamycin), vincristine (Oncovin), and prednisone CVP – cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and prednisone hyper-CVAD – cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin, and dexamethasone (Decadron, Dexasone) in association with methotrexate and Cytarabine (Cytosar, Ara-C) This association can be difficult to tolerate for elderly people with a LCM.
Bendamustine (Treanda) can also be used to treat people with LCM. It is administered if the disease does not respond to treatment, evolves during treatment or reappears after treatment (recurrence).

Biological therapy
Monoclonal antibodies are a type of biological therapy that is effective in treating certain forms of NHL. Rituximab (Rituxan) is often associated with chemotherapy to treat the LCM. The addition of rituximab to chemotherapy helps to increase the response to chemotherapy and the duration of remission.

Another biological drug called BORTEZOMIB (Velcade) is a proteasome inhibitor. It can be administered to people with mantle cell lymphoma that has recurred or no longer reacts (refractory) to at least one treatment.

Radiotherapy

External radiation therapy is sometimes used to treat the LCM. It can be administered to affected ganglion regions when the disease is early or as a palliative measure to relieve symptoms.

Stem cell transplant

Stem cell transplantation (GCS) may be an option for some individuals whose LCM reappears after being treated or no longer reacts to (refractory) treatment. Studies suggest that a BSc be made earlier during treatment, so it is possible that the BSC will be offered to some young adults and on the other hand in health during their first remission. It is not yet clear whether this will help people with a LCM to live longer.

Individuals with a relapsing LCM who are not good candidates for the BSC, or those whose disease relapses after a stem cell transplant, may be treated with rituximab or catch-up chemotherapy protocols.

For information on specific medications, see the Drug Information Sources Section